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(No Model.)

L. STONE & A. O. AUSTIN.

METHOD OF ENAMELING BOBBINS, &c.

No. 398,670. Patented Feb. 26, 1889.

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N PETCRS. Phmu-Lm llnrrnn STATES Parent FFlQEQ LORENZG STONE AND ALONZOO. AUSTIN, OF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.

METHOD OF ENAMELING BOBBINS, 81,0.

SPESZFICATZOII forming part of Letters Patent No. 398,670, datedFebruary 26, 1889 Application filed June 19,1888. i3erial No. 277,608.(No model.)

I?) oZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LORENZO STONE and ALONZO O. AUsTiN, citizens of theUnited States, both residing at Providence, in the county of Providenceand State of Rhode island, have invented certain new and useful lmprvements in the Method of Enameling Dobbins, c; and we do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact deseri ition of theinventimi, such as will enable others'sliillei'l in the art to whichitapperlainsto maize and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference markedthereon, which form a. part of this specification.

in the method of enameling bobbins, spools, quills, or other analogousarticles made of wood, it practically found to be impossible to depositupon the interior surfaces thereof a uniform layer or coating of Japanenamel, owing partly to the rapidity with which the workispmlm'med. Inthe class of articles referred to it is desirable that not only theexterior surface but also the surrounding surface of the hole, whichpasses through the bobbin for the reception of the driving-spindle,beplUliOClTQtl by baked enamel. lly reason of the enameled surface thebobbins are rendered impervious to the action of steam, water, oil, dc,and are also unaifected by changes in temperature, another advantagebeing that the yarn unwinds from them more freely.

Our inven tion resides in subjecting wooden bobbins, spools, &c., to amethod embracing, essentially, the following-named steps, viz: first, inbaking the bobbin (in the white) in an oven heated to a temperature,say, of 250, to evaporate the moisture, the baking o ieration actingalso to slightly contract the spindle-hole; second, after removingthcbobbin from the oven, the hole is reamed out so as to make it true,and also somewhat larger than the finished hole is to be; third, thereamed bobbin is next enameled by covering its exterior and interiorsurfaces with one or more coatings of Japan varnish, and placing itwithin a heated oven, which latter hardens the varnish, therebyproducing a hard-baked coating called enamel, fourth, the enameledbobbin is now submitted to the action. of

a finishing-reamor, which is run into the spindle hole a predetermineddepth, the reamer being made to roam a hole having the exact size of thespindle upon which the bobbin will be mounted when in use. The reameralso removes any irregularities from the interior surface produced(luringthe euamcling operation.

After the reaming operation and after the reamer has been withdrawn fromthe bobbin, more or less enameled chips or dust remains, which cannot bereadily removed by shaking or jarring, and in order to provide for theabsolute trueness of the running of the bobbin when applied to thespindle we render the removal of all chips or dust certain by placingthe reamed enameled bobbins upon a mounted spindle and running them at ahigh velocity. By reason of this rapid rotation the bobbins arethoroughly cleaned from all chips or dust, and at the same time thebobbins are tested and any imperfections discovered.

In order to more clearly set forth our invention, we have prepared theaccompanying sheet of drawings, in which Figure 1 represents aperspective view of an ordinary bobbin having an enameled surface. Fig.2 is a similar view of an enameled spool. Fig. 3 is a longitudinalsectional view taken through the center of a wooden bobbin after it hasbeen subjcctc d to the baking-oven (prior to being enamcled,) andshowing a reamer in the act of truing the spin dle-hole. Fig. 4 is asimilar sectional view after the bobbin has been fully enameled, andshowing a reamer in the act of finishing the hole for the reception ofthe driving spindle. Fig. 5 shows the bobbin thus enameled and reamedmounted upon a driven test-spindle; and Figs. (5 and 7 representenlarged cross-sectional views of reamers adapted to ream the bobbinbefore and after the enameling, respectively.

A detailed description of our improvement is as follows:

As hereinbel'ore stated, the bobbins, spools, &c., to which ourinvention is more particularly applicable are those which are made ofwood.

In the drawings, a, Fig. 3, designates a wooden bobbin of ordinaryconstruction, having an enlarged opening or bearing, 0, formed in itsbase to receive the collar of the drivingspindle, and having a smalleropening, I), in the opposite end to receive the upper portion of thespindle, the space 3, intermediate of the end portions of the bobbin,being enlarged. Now, from the fact that bobbins shrink more or lessduring the baking of the enamel thereon, thereby producing irregularspindle-holes, which during the reaming process frequently exposes thewood, we first subject the bobbins to a high temperature (beforeenameling) approximating that employed in enameling. Such heat causesthe moisture to be evaporated from them, and also acts to reduce thesize of the spindle-hole somewhat. WVe next ream out the hole by meansof a suitable tool, the reamer r, Fig. 3, serving for this purpose. Thisreaming operation, it will be noticed, produces a true hole in the nowthoroughly-dried bobbin, the size of the hole being slightly larger thanthe finished hole is to be, thus allowing for the interior coating ofenamel. The next step consists in covering the reamed bobbin with one ormore coats or layers of Japan varnish and subjecting it to thebaking-oven, which causes the varnish to harden, thereby producing adurable and impervious surface bothupon the exterior and interior of thebobbin. As this enameling operation tends to reduce the size of thespindle-hole, at the same time making it more or less irregular we nextintroduce into the bobbin a revolving reamer, r, Fig. 4, being the exactcounterpart at the bearing-points of the driving-spindle, therebyreaming the hole and adapting the bobbin for use. In order, however, toput the enameled and reamed bobbin to a practical test, to determine itssteadiness of running, we mount it upon a rapidly-revolvingtest-spindle, Fig. 5. By thus testing each bobbin at the factory beforeshipmen t, the unbalanced and otherwise defective ones are developed andthen discarded.

e do not limit the application of our invention to the form of bobbin,&o., shown in the drawings, as it is obvious that other styles may beadvantageously adopted, the reamer being modified accordingly withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention.

. We claim as our invention The improvement in the method of enamel ingbobbins, spools, &c., which consists, first, in subjecting the bobbin toa high temperature before enan'ieling; second, reaming the spindle holeor center; third, covering the exterior and interior surfaces of thebobbin with enamelin g material, as Japan varnish, and baking itthereon, and, fourth, in reaming the enameled surface of thespindle-hole to fit the driving-spindle, substantially as hereinbeforedescribed and set forth.

In testimony whereof we have affixed our signatures in the presence oftwo witnesses.

LORENZO STONE. ALONZO O. AUSTIN. Witnesses:

CHARLES HANNIGAN, F. A. SMITH, J r.

